Music Theory: Lesson 12
Basic Extensions on a Diatonic Chords
By Zack Cart
Prerequisites:
You should be able to understand and perform the concepts and techniques outlined in the following lessons before attempting this lesson:
Music Theory: Lessons 1-12
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In previous lessons we have learned to create triads and seventh chords and extended chords by stacking thirds within a diatonic scale, and also which triads fit into the scale, and rooted on which degrees. In this lesson we will continue this knowledge.
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We have already covered the chord types built on the first degree, or from the Ionian mode, and which extensions they have. From here, we will continue on to chords built on the remaining six degrees of the scale.
Just to review, the chord built on the first degree is a major seventh type, which contains the extensions of a major 9th and a major 13th. The fourth scale degree, or 11th, is generally considered to clash with the major third, and is considered an avoid note. Avoid notes, interestingly enough, should be avoided.
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The second degree is, you will remember, a minor type chord. If we approach the degree in it’s place in the C major scale, we can figure out what its other chord tones are.
D, F, and A make up the root, minor third, and fifth of the minor triad. When we continue up a third to C, we find a minor seventh, establishing the chord as a minor seventh chord. As we add another third, we come to E, which is the major ninth. Another third brings us to G, the perfect eleventh. The final third brings us to B, the major thirteenth.
On second degree minor chords, or chords built from the Dorian mode, we find that all scale tones are acceptable chord tones or extensions. However, care should be used when adding the major 13th to the chord; while it is acceptable, it does significantly alter the sound of the chord, creating a much tenser sonority.
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The third degree, or Phrygian is also a minor type chord. The first three notes of the third degree chord in C major are E, G, and B, the root, minor third, and perfect fifth.
Continuing up the scale in thirds, we get D, a minor seventh, establishing that third degree chords are of the major seventh type.
Continuing farther, we come to F, a minor ninth. This is considered an avoid note. Play and E on your guitar, and above it play an F, and you will be able to hear why this extension is disregarded; the interval of a minor ninth is very tense and dissonant.
Another third brings us to A, a perfect eleventh, which is an acceptable extension on minor type chords.
The last third brings us to C, a minor thirteenth, which is a second avoid note. It bears the same relationship to the fifth as the minor ninth does to the root, and is considered too dissonant for that reason.
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On to the fourth degree, and the chord built around the Lydian mode. You will remember that the fourth degree is one of the three major chords in the scale, in the case of C major, built from F the root, A the major third, and C the perfect fifth.
A third up the scale brings us to E, a major seventh, identifying the chord as a major seventh chord.
As we continue in thirds up the scale, we come to G, a major ninth.
Next is B, an augmented eleventh, more commonly known as a sharp eleventh. This note is considered to be an acceptable extension on fourth degree major seventh chords. However, you should be aware that it creates a strikingly different effect in the chord, and, when used carelessly, can create a great deal of tension.
Lastly, we come to D, the major thirteenth, another acceptable extension.
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The fifth degree is the third and last major type chord in the scale, and is built around the Mixolydian mode. In the key of C major, G, B, and D form the root, major third, and perfect fifth of the chord.
Continuing up the scale in thirds, we come next to F, a minor seventh. This identifies the chord as a major/minor seventh chord in classical terminology, or more commonly a dominant seventh, or just “seven” chord in contemporary jazz and pop terminology.
Onward up the scale we come to A, the major ninth.
Next is C, the perfect eleventh. As you will remember from the Ionian based chord, perfect elevenths clash with major thirds, and are thus considered avoid notes.
Lastly is E, the major thirteenth, which is an acceptable extension.
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The chord built on the sixth degree, formed from the Aeolian mode, is the third and final minor type chord, from the notes A, C, and E. (Given the key of C major)
Continuing on, we come to G, a minor seventh, which makes a minor seventh chord.
Next is B, the major ninth, followed by D, the perfect eleventh.
Lastly, we come to F, the minor thirteenth. You will remember that minor thirteenths clash with perfect fifths, and so the thirteenth is considered an avoid note on this chord.
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The last chord is built on the seventh degree, formed around the Locrian mode, and is based on a diminished triad. In the key of C major, the notes B, D, and F form the root, minor third, and diminished fifth of the chord.
As we continue to add thirds up the scale, we come next to A, a minor seventh. In classical terminology, this identifies the chord as a half diminished seventh chord, while in contemporary jazz and pop terminology it is generally called a minor7 (b5).
The next note is C, which forms a minor ninth, which is, as you remember, an avoid note, generally speaking. This chord is no exception.
Next comes E, the perfect eleventh.
Last is G, the minor thirteenth. Normally, this is an avoid note, as it clashes with the perfect fifth, but fortunately, diminished chords have a diminished, not perfect fifth, and so the minor thirteenth is a perfectly acceptable extension here.
This lesson has been brought to you by:
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Pu Pu Platter for Three without Fried Rice - $32.95
Egg Rolls------------------(1)---$
Spring Rolls---------------(1)--$2.95---(2)---$5.75
Fried Wontons-------Large--$5.50
Fried Dough-----------(10)--$4.50—(
Chicken Fingers----(7)--Small $8.25---(13)--Large $12.25
Chicken Teriyaki---------(3)--$8.25---
Beef Teriyaki-------------(3)--$8.95---(6)---$14.25
Fried Jumbo Shrimps---(3)--$7.50---(6)---$10.75
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Chicken Wings -----(4)----$9.95-----(8)
Buffalo Chicken Wings-Small-$11.95-Large-$18.95
Honey Barbecue Chicken Wings Small-
Scallion Pancake-------Large $7.95
Fried Baby Shrimps----------------------$8.95
Chicken Nugget------------------------
Onion Ring ------------------------------
French Fries-------------------------
Mini Crispy Roll (10) -----------------------$7.50
Wonton Chip ------$5.50
APPETIZER COMBINATIONS
Appetizers (each substitution Extra $100)
1. Egg Roll, Beef Teriyaki, Chicken Fingers
2. Egg Roll, Chicken Wings, Fried Shrimp
SOUP
Wonton Soup-------------Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
Egg Drop Soup-----------Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
* Hot and Sour Soup----Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
Noodle Soup w/Chicken------Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
Noodle Soup w/Pork----Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
Noodle Soup w/Wontons---Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
Chinese Vegetable Soup---Small--$4.25---Large--$7.75
FRIED RICE
Meatless Fried Rice--Small-$7.75--Large-$9.25
Vegetable Fried Rice--Small-$8.25--Large-$9.95
Mushroom Fried Rice-------Small-$8.25--Large-
Pork Fried Rice-------Small-$8.25--Large-
Chicken Fried Rice---Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
Beef Fried Rice-------Small-$8.95--Large-
Shrimp Fried Rice---Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
Ham Fried Rice------Small-$8.95--Large-$
Subgum Pork Fried Rice------Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
Subgum Chicken Fried Rice----Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
Subgum Beef Fried Rice-----Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
Subgum Shrimp Fried Rice----Small-$8.95--Large-$10.50
House Special Fried Rice---Small-$9.50--Large-$10.50
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13 Crab Rangoon
13 Chicken Fingers
8 Chicken Wings
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Fried or Steamed Dumpling
Pork Dumpling------$8.55
Vegetable Dumpling----$8.55
Chicken Dumpling-----$8.55
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Lo Mein------Small--$9.50--Large-
(Chicken, Pork, Vege or Ham)
Lo Mein------Small--$9.95--Large-
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*Szechuan Spicy Lo Mein-Small-$9.95-Large-$12.95
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PORK
Pork with Vegetables-------$11.25
Szechuan Pork-------$11.95
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Chicken or Beef
Pepper Steak-------------------------
Beef with Broccoli----------------------
Beef with Mushrooms-------------------$
Beef with Pea Pods----------------------$14.25
Beef with Vegetable---------------------
Beef with Cashews----------------------$14.25
*Curry Beef with Onion---------------$14.25
*Curry Chicken with Onion---------------$14.25
* Chicken with Peking Sauce-------------$14.25
* Szechuan Chicken------------------------$14.25
Moo Goo Gai Pan---------------------------
Chicken with Vegetable---------------------
Chicken with Mushrooms---------------------
Chicken with Broccoli---------------------
MEI FUN
(Thin Rice Noodle)
Vegetable Mei Fun----Small--$9.95---Large--
Chicken Mei fun-----Small--$9.95---Large--$11.95
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Beef Mei Fun---Small---$10.50---Large---
House Mei Fun---Small---$10.50---Large---
Singapore Mei Fun with Curry
(Chicken, Pork, Shrimp)---Small---$10.50----
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(Flat Rice Noodle)
Vegetable or Chicken or Pork or Ham-----$12.50
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Blended with Slices of Beef, Ham,
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Large---$17.95
EGG FOO YOUNG (With white rice.)
Meatless Egg Foo Young----------------------$9.75
Pork Egg Foo Young-------------------------
Beef Egg Foo Young-------------------------
Chicken Egg Foo Young-----------------------$
Shrimp Egg Foo Young------------------------$
Ham Egg Foo Young-------------------------
Mushroom Egg Foo Young--------------------$10.75
Vegetable Egg Foo Young----------------------$10.75
House Special Egg Foo Young----------------$11.25
SWEET AND SOUR
(With white rice.)
Sweet and Sour Pork--------------------------
Sweet and Sour Chicken----------------------$
Sweet and Sour Shrimp-----------------------$
Sweet and Sour Combination---------------$13.95
SEAFOOD
Shrimp with Lobster Sauce----------------$14.25
Shrimp with Mushrooms-------------------$14.25
Shrimp with Broccoli----------------------
Shrimp with Peapods-----------------------
Shrimp with Vegetables--------------------
*Shrimp with Garlic Sauce------------------$14.25
Baby Shrimp with Cashews-----------------$14.25
*Szechuan Baby Shrimp---------------------$14.25
*Shrimp with Peking Sauce-----------------$14.25
VEGETABLE
Mixed Vegetable------------------$10.95
Snow Peapods with Broccoli--$10.95
*Broccoli with Garlic Sauce--$10.95
*Bean Curd Szechuan Style--$12.25
Family Style Bean Curd------$12.25
Deep Fried Slice Bean Curd with Pork
and Mix Vegetable
*General Tso's Bean Curd--$12.25
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Appetizers (each substitution Extra $1.00)
L 1. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Chicken Fingers $10.25
L 2. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Chicken Wings $10.25
L
3. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Egg
Roll
L 4. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Beef Teriyaki $10.95
L 5. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Fried Shrimp $10.25
L 6. Pork or Vegetable Lo Mein, Boneless Ribs
$10.25
L
7. Shrimp Lo Mein, Egg
Roll
L 8. Beef Lo Mein, Crab Rangoons
L 9. Mushroom Lo Mein, Chicken Wings
L 10. Chicken Lo Mein, Egg Roll
L 11. House Lo Mein, Crab Rangoons
L 12. Ham Lo Mein, Chicken Fingers
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E
1. Egg Roll, Fried Rice or French
Fries
$6.95
E 2. Chicken Fingers, Fried Rice or French Fries $6.95
E 4. Beef Teriyaki, Fried Rice or French Fries $7.95
E 5. Chicken Teriyaki, Fried Rice or French Fries $6.50
E 7. Chicken Nugget, Fried Rice or French Fries $6.95
E 8. Crab Rangoons, Fried Rice or French Fries $6.95
E 9. Onion Ring, Fried Rice or French Fries $6.95
CHOW
MEIN
OR
CHOP SUEY
(Served with Noodles) (Served with
Steamed Rice.)
Meatless Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$8.55----Large---
Pork Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Beef Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Chicken Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Shrimp Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$
Vegetable Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Chicago Pork Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Chicago Beef Chow Mein or Chop Suey Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Chicago Shrimp Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Chicago Chicken Chow Mein or Chop Suey Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Subgum Pork Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Subgum Beef Chow Mein or Chop Suey
Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Subgum Chicken Chow Mein or Chop Suey Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
Subgum Shrimp Chow Mein or Chop Suey Small----$9.50----Large----$10.75
LUNCH SPECIALS-Served All Day with Pork Fried Rice
APPETIZERS (Each Substitution Extra $1.00)
1. Pork Chow Mein, Egg Roll-------------$9.95
2. Subgum Pork Chow Mein, Egg Roll--$9.95
3. Pork Egg Foo Young, Chicken Wings-$10.95
4. Beef Chop Suey, Chicken Wings-------$10.95
5. Pork with Mushrooms,
Chicken Fingers-----------------------
6.Peppers Steak, with Onion Chicken Wings-$10.95
7. Lobster Sauce, Egg Roll------------------$9.95
8. Sweet & Sour Pork, Chicken Wings-----$10.95
9. Sweet & Sour Chicken, Egg Roll---------$10.95
10. Pork Chow Mein, Chicken Fingers------$9.95
11. Beef Teriyaki, Chicken Fingers----------$10.95
12. Fried Shrimp, Chicken Wings------------$10.95
13. Chicken Chow Mein, Egg Roll------------$9.95
14. Chicken Chow Mein, Chicken Fingers---$9.95
15. Chicken Chow Mein, Fried Shrimp-------$9.95
16. Pork Chop Suey, Beef Teriyaki------------$
17. Shrimp Chop Suey, Egg Roll--------------$10.95
18. Beef with Mushroom, Egg Roll-----------$10.95
19. Moo Goo Gai Pan, Egg Roll---------------$10.95
20.Shrimp w/ Lobster Sauce, Crab Rangoon-$10.95
21. *Szechuan Pork, Chicken Teriyaki-------$10.95
22. *Szechuan Chicken, Egg Roll--------------$10.95
23. *Szechuan Beef, Egg Roll------------------$10.95
24. *Szechuan Shrimp, Crab Rangoon--------$10.95
25.*Pork w/ Peking Sauce, Chicken Teriyaki-$10.95
26.*Chicken w/Peking Sauce, Crab Rangoon-$10.95
27. *Beef with Peking Sauce, Egg Roll--------$10.95
28. *Shrimp with Peking Sauce, Egg Roll----$10.95
29.*Pork with Garlic Sauce, Chicken Fingers-$10.95
30.*Chicken w/ Garlic Sauce, Boneless Ribs-$10.95
31. *Beef w/ Garlic Sauce, Crab Rangoons----$10.95
32.*Shrimp with Garlic Sauce, Egg Roll-------$10.95
33. Chicken with Broccoli, Egg Roll-----------$10.95
34.*General Tso’s Chicken or Sesame Chicken$9.25
(Sesame Chicken is not Hot and Spicy.)
35. Beef with Broccoli, Egg Roll----------------$10.95
36. Crab Rangoons, Chicken Finger-----------$10.95
37. Chicken w/ Cashew Nuts, Crab Rangoons-$10.95
38. *General Tso’s Bean Curd--------------------$9.25
HEALTH FOOD with White Rice
Steamed Mixed Vegetable---------------------
Steamed Chicken w/ Vegetables or Broccoli--$11.95
Steamed Shrimp w/ Vegetables or Broccoli--$12.95
COMBINATION DINNERS
Served all day with Pork Fried Rice
Appetizers (substitution Extra /$1.00)
D1.
Egg Roll, Chicken Wing, Beef
Teriyaki
$12.75
D2. Egg Roll, Chicken Fingers, Beef Teriyaki $12.75
D3. Egg Roll, Boneless Ribs, Chicken Wings $12.75
D4. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Wings, Beef Teriyaki $12.75
D5. Boneless Ribs, Fried Shrimp,
Chicken
Wings $12.75
D6. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Fingers,
Beef
Teriyaki $12.75
D7. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Fingers,
Chicken Wings $12.75
D8. Sweet & Sour Pork, Boneless Ribs,
Egg
Roll
$12.75
D9. Sweet & Sour Chicken, Egg Roll
Chicken
Wings $12.75
D10.
Sesame Chicken, Egg
Roll
D11. *General Tso’s Chicken, Chicken Wings
$
D12. *Orange Chicken, Crab Rangoon
$11.95
D13. Mongolian Chicken, Chicken Fingers
$11.95
D14. Mongolian Beef, Crab Rangoons
D15. Mongolian Beef and Chicken, Egg Roll
$11.95
D16. Chicken with Broccoli, Egg Roll,
Crab
Rangoon $13.25
D17.
Boneless Ribs, Egg Roll, Chicken
Teriyaki
$12.75
D18. Egg Roll, Wings, Chicken Fingers,
Boneless Ribs, Chicken
Teriyaki
$12.75
D19. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Teriyaki
D20. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Wings
D21. Boneless Ribs, Chicken Fingers
D22. Beef with Broccoli, Egg Roll, Chicken
Fingers $13.25
D23. Chicken with Peapods, Egg Roll,
Chicken Fingers
$13.25
D24. Moo Goo Gai Pan, Chicken Teriyaki,
Egg
Roll
$
D25. Pork or Chicken Chow Mein, Egg Roll
Crab
Rangoon $13.25
D26. Chicken or Pork Lo Mein, Crab Rangoon
D27. Shrimp or Beef Lo Mein, Chicken
Finger
$11.95
D28. Pork or Chicken Egg Foo Young,
Egg Roll, Chicken
Finger $13.25
SIDE ORDERS
Duck
Sauce-Small
75 cents-Medium--$1.50-Large-$3.
Sweet and Sour Sauce Small
75 cents-Medium--$1.50-Large-$3.
White Rice—Small $3.75----------------------
Gravy-------------------------
Dry Noodle------------------------
Dumpling Sauce-------------------------------------75 cents